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	<title>Ram mukarung Rai</title>
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	<pubDate>Tue, 30 Jun 2009 20:46:27 +0000</pubDate>
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		<title>नयाँ ईभेन्ट</title>
		<link>http://rammukarung.blog.com/2009/06/30/%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%81-%e0%a4%88%e0%a4%ad%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%a8%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%9f/</link>
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		<pubDate>Tue, 30 Jun 2009 20:46:27 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Ram mukarung</dc:creator>
		
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		<title>नयाँ ईभेन्ट</title>
		<link>http://rammukarung.blog.com/2009/06/30/%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%81-%e0%a4%88%e0%a4%ad%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%a8%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%9f/</link>
		<comments>http://rammukarung.blog.com/2009/06/30/%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%81-%e0%a4%88%e0%a4%ad%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%a8%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%9f/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 30 Jun 2009 20:43:32 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Ram mukarung</dc:creator>
		
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		<title>coming soon</title>
		<link>http://rammukarung.blog.com/2009/05/02/coming-soon/</link>
		<comments>http://rammukarung.blog.com/2009/05/02/coming-soon/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 02 May 2009 20:01:40 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Ram mukarung</dc:creator>
		
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		<description><![CDATA[coming soons
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		<title>under the construction</title>
		<link>http://rammukarung.blog.com/2009/03/19/under-the-construction/</link>
		<comments>http://rammukarung.blog.com/2009/03/19/under-the-construction/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 19 Mar 2009 16:51:26 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Ram mukarung</dc:creator>
		
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		<description><![CDATA[PLZ Updating Soon!
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		<title></title>
		<link>http://rammukarung.blog.com/2009/02/16/</link>
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		<pubDate>Mon, 16 Feb 2009 10:30:57 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Ram mukarung</dc:creator>
		
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		<title>Sad Thinking</title>
		<link>http://rammukarung.blog.com/2008/06/05/sad-thinking/</link>
		<comments>http://rammukarung.blog.com/2008/06/05/sad-thinking/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 05 Jun 2008 15:31:23 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Ram mukarung</dc:creator>
		
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<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <b><u>दुर्नियति</u></b></p>
<p><b>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b> राम मुकारुड.</p>
<p>नेपालमा प्रत्येक बर्ष थुप्रै मानिसको हत्या मध्य बर्षाद याम संगै बाढि पिहरोले गरिरहेको हुन्छ ।विकासको पाईला घनिबुद तरिकाले त्यस्तरि अधिक रुपमा तिब्र हुनको स्थानमा अति अधिक कम् संगले अघि बढि रहेको छ । अहिलेको यहांको करिब तिन करोड मान्छेलाई खानाको पर्याप्तता सार्है थोरैले भाग पर्छ । कृषि र अर्थतन्त्ररले ठुलो जिर्णताको नियति बोकिरहेको छ । थुप्रै मानिसहरु त्यो दुर्नियतिको चेपेटामा बांच्नुको सट्टा मर्ने मनसाय राख्छन् । जन्मनुनै उनिहरु दुर्भाग्य ठान्छन् र असफल मानसिक्ताले कुनै काम गर्न चाहदैनन् ।</p>
<p>यति बेला दुईसय चालिस बर्ष अधिनायकत्व ढंगले दम्भिलो अधिकार लिएर अटेरि गरिरहेको निरंकुस शाही राजतन्र्त र भएको छ नै तर पुन अर्को नियति भोग्न नपरोस भनि जानिफकार ,निरक्छ्यर ,निरपेक्छ्य सबै अाफ्नो मनसाय पोख्छन् ,व्यक्त गर्छन ।</p>
<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <b>द ईन्ड</b></p>

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<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <b><u>दुर्नियति</u></b></p>
<p><b>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b> राम मुकारुड.</p>
<p>नेपालमा प्रत्येक बर्ष थुप्रै मानिसको हत्या मध्य बर्षाद याम संगै बाढि पिहरोले गरिरहेको हुन्छ ।विकासको पाईला घनिबुद तरिकाले त्यस्तरि अधिक रुपमा तिब्र हुनको स्थानमा अति अधिक कम् संगले अघि बढि रहेको छ । अहिलेको यहांको करिब तिन करोड मान्छेलाई खानाको पर्याप्तता सार्है थोरैले भाग पर्छ । कृषि र अर्थतन्त्ररले ठुलो जिर्णताको नियति बोकिरहेको छ । थुप्रै मानिसहरु त्यो दुर्नियतिको चेपेटामा बांच्नुको सट्टा मर्ने मनसाय राख्छन् । जन्मनुनै उनिहरु दुर्भाग्य ठान्छन् र असफल मानसिक्ताले कुनै काम गर्न चाहदैनन् ।</p>
<p>यति बेला दुईसय चालिस बर्ष अधिनायकत्व ढंगले दम्भिलो अधिकार लिएर अटेरि गरिरहेको निरंकुस शाही राजतन्र्त र भएको छ नै तर पुन अर्को नियति भोग्न नपरोस भनि जानिफकार ,निरक्छ्यर ,निरपेक्छ्य सबै अाफ्नो मनसाय पोख्छन् ,व्यक्त गर्छन ।</p>
<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <b>द ईन्ड</b></p>
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		<title>Science and question Auther by Ram mukarung</title>
		<link>http://rammukarung.blog.com/2008/05/17/science-and-question-auther-by-ram-mukarung/</link>
		<comments>http://rammukarung.blog.com/2008/05/17/science-and-question-auther-by-ram-mukarung/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 17 May 2008 13:00:53 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Ram mukarung</dc:creator>
		
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<br />
<p><font size="3" face="Times New Roman">&#160;</font></p>
<p><font size="3" face="Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;<font size="5">&#160; <strong><u><font color="#00CCFF" style="background-color: #000000">विज्ञान र जिज्ञासा</font></u></strong></font></font></p>
<p><font size="3" face="Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;</font></p>
<p><font size="3" face="Times New Roman">राम मुकारुड॰</font></p>
<p><font size="3" face="Times New Roman">JORNALISTRAM@GMAIL.COM&#160;</font></p>
<p><font size="3" face="Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font></p>
<p><font size="3" face="Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; सूचना तथा सञ्चार प्रविधिका तिव्रोत्तर विकासले विश्वका समस्त अल्पविकसित राष्टरुलाई विकसित र विकाशील राष्टरु अति विकसित गर्दै अर्थतन्त्र र सामाजिक दैनिक हैंसियतलाई कल्पनाभन्दा बाहिरको परिवर्तनमा हुरयाइरहेछ। यसलाई कसैले नकार्ने चेष्टा नगर्ला। तर यहिसँग जोडिएर आएका हरेक नयाँ दिन, नयाँ समय, नयाँरुनयाँ खोज तथा अन्वेषण गर्दै रहेका वैज्ञानिक र विज्ञानले विश्वलाई चिन्तारुभय र चिन्तनको परिस्थितिलाई संघारमै पछार्दै बढिरहेको छ। परिपुरक एकअर्का राष्टरुलाई भयभित नजरअन्दाजको संघारमा दिनानुदिन तेर्स्याइरहेछ, उठबस गराइरहेछ। &#160;</font></p>
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<p><font size="3" face="Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; ज्यातिषशास्त्रको गणितीय विकास हाम्रो जानकारीमा झण्डै सवा सातहजार वर्षको इतिहास यात्रा छ।रु ले केहीसमय पहिले नै व्यवहारिक रुप पनि लिइसकेको छ भने अर्को तर्फ आणविक तथा जैविक अस्त्रको चर्को विकासले बाँकी विश्वलाई दिनानुदिन सोंच्न बाध्य&#160; बनाइरहेको पनि छ। शसस्त्र होडबाजीको सुरुवाती कायापलटले अहिलेनै शेष विश्वलाई खरु्ग्ररु्ग पारिसकेको छ। अनेकन वैज्ञानिक विकाससँगै भूगोलसँग सरल संवाद गर्ने भाषा पनि थपिए र जटिल उसैगरी। चामत्कारी र भयपूर्ण अनेकन विज्ञानका शाखारुप्रशाखाले विश्वलाई गाँजिसकेको छ। त्यसैले दैवीय शक्ति भएगरेका मिथ्याहरु पूरानो शताब्दीरुयुगबाट नै हटिसके, त्यो शक्तिको ठाउँमा वैज्ञानिक अस्त्रात्मक शक्तिहोडको ठाउँ रह्यो। विश्वको विकासमा विज्ञानक्रान्तिको भूमिका हुँदाहुँदै पनि अस्वीकृत बिडम्बनाको स्थिति सिर्जना बढिरहेछ। क्रान्तिकृत वैज्ञानिक चेतले आफैलाई परास्त गरिहेको छ। विज्ञानसम्मत खगोल शास्त्रीय विज्ञान, जिव विज्ञान, अन्तरिक्ष विज्ञान, मल्टीजेनेटीकल इन्जीनेयरिरु तथा सूचना प्रविधि क्रान्तिले संत्रासमय परिवर्तनको चाँचाडो यात्रा पूरानो बनाइरहेको छ। मानवीय सोचमा कोशौ परिवर्तन, भुमण्डिकरण विश्व सामरिक सत्ताकब्जाको विस्तारित केन्द्रिरकण, संस्कृति तथा भाषामाथि प्रतिकुल प्रभाव, नयाँ विचार सँगसँगै पूराना कैयौँ विचारधाराको समाधि पर्यावरणीय एवं वातावरण अनुकुलतामाथि ठूलो फेरबदल, अर्थतन्त्रमाथिको उथलपुथल सयौँ राष्टिरुय स्वभिमानलाई कौडीमा बेचेर आन्मसमर्पणवादी र जितहारको चरु्गुलमा फस्नु यी सब विश्वव्यापी सूचना सञ्चार एवं विज्ञानमाथि नै आरोपरुप्रत्यारोपको यो ठूलो घटना पनि हो।</font></p>
<p><font size="3" face="Times New Roman">&#160;विगत र वर्तमान वा भनौँ समयको सिमाना लाग्नु मै आश्चर्य रुपले फेरबदल भइरहेको छ। एकातिर पर्यावरणिय नष्टको चरम उत्कर्श मध्यतिर पुगिसकेको छ भने अर्कोतर्फ वोध्यक्रम र सिद्धान्तीय सापेक्षमा भत्किएको विरासत फिर्ता गर्ने प्रवोध्यनका अनुसरण लडाइँमा जातीय, धार्मिक र सांस्कृतिक जितहारको मुक्काबाजी कोसिस बढिरहेको छ। आधुनिकताको उपल्लो यस घडीमा नयाँ अझेे बढाउनु (प्रवोधनकाल) र पूरानो पुनर्ताजकी&#160; (पुनरजागरणकाल)को यस भागमा हैँसियत र अधिकार नै नामेट पार्ने संक्रमण प्रलयप्रयास भइरहेको छ। यो सरु्क्रमणकालीन जेहादको तेस्रो खण्डमा हिडिरहेको बेला वा यसो भनौँ दोस्रो विश्वयुद्ध अर्थात प्रथम विश्वयूद्धपछि परमाणु टुक्रयाएर अद्भूत् शत्ति पैदा गर्ने सूत्र तयार पार्ने प्रयास थुर्पै देशका वैज्ञानिकहरुले सुरु गरेका थिए र त्यसमा जर्मन वैज्ञानिकहरु अघि थिए। सन् १९३८मा बर्लिनका कैजर विलहेम इन्स्टिच्यूटका वैज्ञानिकहरुले सबै भन्दा पहिला परमाणु बिखण्डन प्रयासमा सफलता हात पारेर दोस्रो विश्वयूद्धको भयंकर चरम यात्रा तय गरुयो।</font></p>
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<p><font size="3" face="Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; अमेरीकि साम्राज्यवादीको पासविकतामा अल्वर्ट आइन्टाइन्को परमाणु सिद्धान्तिय भरुयारु चढेर ऊ द्धारा निर्माण गराइएको २८ इन्च गोलाई, १२० ईन्च लम्बाई र ९ हजार पौन्ड वजन भएकोरुलिटल व्वाइरु , २० हजार टि.एन्.टि. बिष्फोटक क्षमता भएको एटम बम निर्माण गरी अगष्ट, १९४५ मा हिरोसिमामा खसाईयो। टिनियन दिपको एउटा टापुबाट उत्त बम बाहक विमान रुइनालारुगेरु १९४५ अगष्टको त्यो कालो दिनको विहानै हिरोसिमा तर्फ उड्यो ३१ हजार फिट माथिको आकाशबाट जापानको त्यो सून्दर हिरोसिमा लाई थाहा नै नदिई त्यही बिहानको ८ः१५ः१७ बजे ९.०५ वर्गमाइलको क्षेत्रफल केहि मिनेट पनि बाँकि नराखी नब्बे हजार घरहरु मध्ये ६० हजार घरहरु खरानीमा परिणत गराए , ८० हजार मानीसको नरसंहार पारे दुरदराजमा छरिएर रहेका ७० हजार मानिस जलेर नराम्रो संग चरम घाइते भए , त्यसबाट करिब २० हजार बच्चाहरु जलेर मरे त्यसको एक हप्ता पनि नबिद्दै जापानकै अर्को शहर नागासाकीमा अझै शत्तिसाली एटम रुरुयाटमेनरु खसाएर पुन नरसंहार थप्दै रहे, यसरी रुयाटमेन र लिटल ब्वाई एटमको टुक्राले हिरोसिमा र नागासाकीलाई त्रु्करतापुर्वक पचाएपछिको अर्को युगमा अबको विज्ञानले सम्भाव्य समाधानको सिमा कति र कहाँसम्म ल्याउँछ या पुरुयाउँछ? सवालको जवाफ भने अब बन्ने इतिहासको नाभीमा जगडिराखेकै छ। अदृस्य लाभाको लप्का बनेर, यसरी आउने सहस्राब्दीका लागि बिडम्बना, कल्पना तथा तर्कनाका थाक वैज्ञानिक र विज्ञानको घडीमा बेतुक हलचलमा अल्भि्करहेको छ।&#160;</font></p>
<p><font size="3" face="Times New Roman">&#160;परिस्थितिले किल्चिएका विश्वका कैयन निर्धो सर्वाल्टनमाथि विश्वकै अर्का रसायन एटम र अणुका शासक शक्तिले खुलेआम शक्तिप्रदर्शनका पञ्जाबाट बलात्कारी सिकार बन्नुपरिरहेको खुल्ला आकाशमुनि निर्धो र निचो आँखाले टुलुटुलु हेरिरहनु परेको तत्काल छ। भलै हिटलर, सद्धाम, ख्रुस्चेभ र बुशहरु सापेक्षमा मात्र पनि दार्शनिक सिद्धान्तको बुद्ध बन्न सकेन।</font></p>
<p><font size="3" face="Times New Roman">&#160;पुनः यही दिनहरुमा विज्ञान क्रान्तिमाथि अनेकौँ सपनाका क्यानभास पोतिइरहेको छ। सूचना तथा सञ्चार प्रविधि र विज्ञानमाथि सवालहरु पैदा भइरहेको छ। थुप्रै दिर्घजिवी दर्शनधारीहरुले विज्ञान उपत्यकाको भूतलमा सामाजिक मान्यता र समाजको संस्लेषणरुविष्लेषण र व्याख्याता क्याम्पियन चलाइरहेको छ।</font></p>
<p><font size="3" face="Times New Roman">&#160;पराऐतिहासिक दार्शनिक विज्ञानदेखि र त्यसपछिका भौतिक विज्ञान, रसायन तथा जिव विज्ञानका वैज्ञानिक विकासक्रममा अझै नयाँ र प्रबुद्ध अन्वेषण र प्रयोग हुँदैरह्यो, र तिब्र अझै छ। कतिपय वैज्ञानिक विकासका प्रयोग र विश्ववर्गीय स्वाथ्ििलप्साको विकराल परिस्थितिले त जाति, धर्म,सम्प्रदाय र समुदायमात्रै होइन अधिकांश भूतल नै नष्ट भयो जसले सयौँ सजिवमाथि हजारौँ वर्ष यानेकि दिर्घकालिन कठोर असर गरिरहेको छ, गरिरहने छ। यो वास्तवमा&#160; वैज्ञानिक विज्ञानको विकास हल्लाको खोलभित्र रहेर साम्राज्यवादीले केन्द्रिकरण गर्ने प्रयूक्त प्रतिकुल सापेक्ष होड भईएरहेको महशुस हो। यो प्रकृयालाई विनिर्माणको वा विश्व विकेन्द्रित नीति प्रयोजन गर्नु पर्ने देखिदैछ। तत्काल यो नगरेमा सायद फेरी भूमण्डलका साथै सम्पुर्ण सजिवले नरसंहार ध्वस्त अन्त्यको ढोका ढक्ढक्याउनु हो। यधपि अबको विज्ञान र वैज्ञानिक&#160; प्रयोग र विकासले कस्तो बाटो अवलम्बन गर्ला?</font></p>
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<p><font size="3" face="Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;<font size="5">&#160; <strong><u><font color="#00CCFF" style="background-color: #000000">विज्ञान र जिज्ञासा</font></u></strong></font></font></p>
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<p><font size="3" face="Times New Roman">राम मुकारुड॰</font></p>
<p><font size="3" face="Times New Roman">JORNALISTRAM@GMAIL.COM&#160;</font></p>
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<p><font size="3" face="Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; सूचना तथा सञ्चार प्रविधिका तिव्रोत्तर विकासले विश्वका समस्त अल्पविकसित राष्टरुलाई विकसित र विकाशील राष्टरु अति विकसित गर्दै अर्थतन्त्र र सामाजिक दैनिक हैंसियतलाई कल्पनाभन्दा बाहिरको परिवर्तनमा हुरयाइरहेछ। यसलाई कसैले नकार्ने चेष्टा नगर्ला। तर यहिसँग जोडिएर आएका हरेक नयाँ दिन, नयाँ समय, नयाँरुनयाँ खोज तथा अन्वेषण गर्दै रहेका वैज्ञानिक र विज्ञानले विश्वलाई चिन्तारुभय र चिन्तनको परिस्थितिलाई संघारमै पछार्दै बढिरहेको छ। परिपुरक एकअर्का राष्टरुलाई भयभित नजरअन्दाजको संघारमा दिनानुदिन तेर्स्याइरहेछ, उठबस गराइरहेछ। &#160;</font></p>
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<p><font size="3" face="Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; ज्यातिषशास्त्रको गणितीय विकास हाम्रो जानकारीमा झण्डै सवा सातहजार वर्षको इतिहास यात्रा छ।रु ले केहीसमय पहिले नै व्यवहारिक रुप पनि लिइसकेको छ भने अर्को तर्फ आणविक तथा जैविक अस्त्रको चर्को विकासले बाँकी विश्वलाई दिनानुदिन सोंच्न बाध्य&#160; बनाइरहेको पनि छ। शसस्त्र होडबाजीको सुरुवाती कायापलटले अहिलेनै शेष विश्वलाई खरु्ग्ररु्ग पारिसकेको छ। अनेकन वैज्ञानिक विकाससँगै भूगोलसँग सरल संवाद गर्ने भाषा पनि थपिए र जटिल उसैगरी। चामत्कारी र भयपूर्ण अनेकन विज्ञानका शाखारुप्रशाखाले विश्वलाई गाँजिसकेको छ। त्यसैले दैवीय शक्ति भएगरेका मिथ्याहरु पूरानो शताब्दीरुयुगबाट नै हटिसके, त्यो शक्तिको ठाउँमा वैज्ञानिक अस्त्रात्मक शक्तिहोडको ठाउँ रह्यो। विश्वको विकासमा विज्ञानक्रान्तिको भूमिका हुँदाहुँदै पनि अस्वीकृत बिडम्बनाको स्थिति सिर्जना बढिरहेछ। क्रान्तिकृत वैज्ञानिक चेतले आफैलाई परास्त गरिहेको छ। विज्ञानसम्मत खगोल शास्त्रीय विज्ञान, जिव विज्ञान, अन्तरिक्ष विज्ञान, मल्टीजेनेटीकल इन्जीनेयरिरु तथा सूचना प्रविधि क्रान्तिले संत्रासमय परिवर्तनको चाँचाडो यात्रा पूरानो बनाइरहेको छ। मानवीय सोचमा कोशौ परिवर्तन, भुमण्डिकरण विश्व सामरिक सत्ताकब्जाको विस्तारित केन्द्रिरकण, संस्कृति तथा भाषामाथि प्रतिकुल प्रभाव, नयाँ विचार सँगसँगै पूराना कैयौँ विचारधाराको समाधि पर्यावरणीय एवं वातावरण अनुकुलतामाथि ठूलो फेरबदल, अर्थतन्त्रमाथिको उथलपुथल सयौँ राष्टिरुय स्वभिमानलाई कौडीमा बेचेर आन्मसमर्पणवादी र जितहारको चरु्गुलमा फस्नु यी सब विश्वव्यापी सूचना सञ्चार एवं विज्ञानमाथि नै आरोपरुप्रत्यारोपको यो ठूलो घटना पनि हो।</font></p>
<p><font size="3" face="Times New Roman">&#160;विगत र वर्तमान वा भनौँ समयको सिमाना लाग्नु मै आश्चर्य रुपले फेरबदल भइरहेको छ। एकातिर पर्यावरणिय नष्टको चरम उत्कर्श मध्यतिर पुगिसकेको छ भने अर्कोतर्फ वोध्यक्रम र सिद्धान्तीय सापेक्षमा भत्किएको विरासत फिर्ता गर्ने प्रवोध्यनका अनुसरण लडाइँमा जातीय, धार्मिक र सांस्कृतिक जितहारको मुक्काबाजी कोसिस बढिरहेको छ। आधुनिकताको उपल्लो यस घडीमा नयाँ अझेे बढाउनु (प्रवोधनकाल) र पूरानो पुनर्ताजकी&#160; (पुनरजागरणकाल)को यस भागमा हैँसियत र अधिकार नै नामेट पार्ने संक्रमण प्रलयप्रयास भइरहेको छ। यो सरु्क्रमणकालीन जेहादको तेस्रो खण्डमा हिडिरहेको बेला वा यसो भनौँ दोस्रो विश्वयुद्ध अर्थात प्रथम विश्वयूद्धपछि परमाणु टुक्रयाएर अद्भूत् शत्ति पैदा गर्ने सूत्र तयार पार्ने प्रयास थुर्पै देशका वैज्ञानिकहरुले सुरु गरेका थिए र त्यसमा जर्मन वैज्ञानिकहरु अघि थिए। सन् १९३८मा बर्लिनका कैजर विलहेम इन्स्टिच्यूटका वैज्ञानिकहरुले सबै भन्दा पहिला परमाणु बिखण्डन प्रयासमा सफलता हात पारेर दोस्रो विश्वयूद्धको भयंकर चरम यात्रा तय गरुयो।</font></p>
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<p><font size="3" face="Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; अमेरीकि साम्राज्यवादीको पासविकतामा अल्वर्ट आइन्टाइन्को परमाणु सिद्धान्तिय भरुयारु चढेर ऊ द्धारा निर्माण गराइएको २८ इन्च गोलाई, १२० ईन्च लम्बाई र ९ हजार पौन्ड वजन भएकोरुलिटल व्वाइरु , २० हजार टि.एन्.टि. बिष्फोटक क्षमता भएको एटम बम निर्माण गरी अगष्ट, १९४५ मा हिरोसिमामा खसाईयो। टिनियन दिपको एउटा टापुबाट उत्त बम बाहक विमान रुइनालारुगेरु १९४५ अगष्टको त्यो कालो दिनको विहानै हिरोसिमा तर्फ उड्यो ३१ हजार फिट माथिको आकाशबाट जापानको त्यो सून्दर हिरोसिमा लाई थाहा नै नदिई त्यही बिहानको ८ः१५ः१७ बजे ९.०५ वर्गमाइलको क्षेत्रफल केहि मिनेट पनि बाँकि नराखी नब्बे हजार घरहरु मध्ये ६० हजार घरहरु खरानीमा परिणत गराए , ८० हजार मानीसको नरसंहार पारे दुरदराजमा छरिएर रहेका ७० हजार मानिस जलेर नराम्रो संग चरम घाइते भए , त्यसबाट करिब २० हजार बच्चाहरु जलेर मरे त्यसको एक हप्ता पनि नबिद्दै जापानकै अर्को शहर नागासाकीमा अझै शत्तिसाली एटम रुरुयाटमेनरु खसाएर पुन नरसंहार थप्दै रहे, यसरी रुयाटमेन र लिटल ब्वाई एटमको टुक्राले हिरोसिमा र नागासाकीलाई त्रु्करतापुर्वक पचाएपछिको अर्को युगमा अबको विज्ञानले सम्भाव्य समाधानको सिमा कति र कहाँसम्म ल्याउँछ या पुरुयाउँछ? सवालको जवाफ भने अब बन्ने इतिहासको नाभीमा जगडिराखेकै छ। अदृस्य लाभाको लप्का बनेर, यसरी आउने सहस्राब्दीका लागि बिडम्बना, कल्पना तथा तर्कनाका थाक वैज्ञानिक र विज्ञानको घडीमा बेतुक हलचलमा अल्भि्करहेको छ।&#160;</font></p>
<p><font size="3" face="Times New Roman">&#160;परिस्थितिले किल्चिएका विश्वका कैयन निर्धो सर्वाल्टनमाथि विश्वकै अर्का रसायन एटम र अणुका शासक शक्तिले खुलेआम शक्तिप्रदर्शनका पञ्जाबाट बलात्कारी सिकार बन्नुपरिरहेको खुल्ला आकाशमुनि निर्धो र निचो आँखाले टुलुटुलु हेरिरहनु परेको तत्काल छ। भलै हिटलर, सद्धाम, ख्रुस्चेभ र बुशहरु सापेक्षमा मात्र पनि दार्शनिक सिद्धान्तको बुद्ध बन्न सकेन।</font></p>
<p><font size="3" face="Times New Roman">&#160;पुनः यही दिनहरुमा विज्ञान क्रान्तिमाथि अनेकौँ सपनाका क्यानभास पोतिइरहेको छ। सूचना तथा सञ्चार प्रविधि र विज्ञानमाथि सवालहरु पैदा भइरहेको छ। थुप्रै दिर्घजिवी दर्शनधारीहरुले विज्ञान उपत्यकाको भूतलमा सामाजिक मान्यता र समाजको संस्लेषणरुविष्लेषण र व्याख्याता क्याम्पियन चलाइरहेको छ।</font></p>
<p><font size="3" face="Times New Roman">&#160;पराऐतिहासिक दार्शनिक विज्ञानदेखि र त्यसपछिका भौतिक विज्ञान, रसायन तथा जिव विज्ञानका वैज्ञानिक विकासक्रममा अझै नयाँ र प्रबुद्ध अन्वेषण र प्रयोग हुँदैरह्यो, र तिब्र अझै छ। कतिपय वैज्ञानिक विकासका प्रयोग र विश्ववर्गीय स्वाथ्ििलप्साको विकराल परिस्थितिले त जाति, धर्म,सम्प्रदाय र समुदायमात्रै होइन अधिकांश भूतल नै नष्ट भयो जसले सयौँ सजिवमाथि हजारौँ वर्ष यानेकि दिर्घकालिन कठोर असर गरिरहेको छ, गरिरहने छ। यो वास्तवमा&#160; वैज्ञानिक विज्ञानको विकास हल्लाको खोलभित्र रहेर साम्राज्यवादीले केन्द्रिकरण गर्ने प्रयूक्त प्रतिकुल सापेक्ष होड भईएरहेको महशुस हो। यो प्रकृयालाई विनिर्माणको वा विश्व विकेन्द्रित नीति प्रयोजन गर्नु पर्ने देखिदैछ। तत्काल यो नगरेमा सायद फेरी भूमण्डलका साथै सम्पुर्ण सजिवले नरसंहार ध्वस्त अन्त्यको ढोका ढक्ढक्याउनु हो। यधपि अबको विज्ञान र वैज्ञानिक&#160; प्रयोग र विकासले कस्तो बाटो अवलम्बन गर्ला?</font></p>
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			<wfw:commentRss>http://rammukarung.blog.com/2008/05/17/science-and-question-auther-by-ram-mukarung/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
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		<item>
		<title></title>
		<link>http://rammukarung.blog.com/2008/03/29/</link>
		<comments>http://rammukarung.blog.com/2008/03/29/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 29 Mar 2008 21:12:53 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Ram mukarung</dc:creator>
		
		<guid isPermaLink="false"></guid>
		<description><![CDATA[<table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2">
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<td class="txt_head">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font size="5" color="#008000" face="terminal,monaco" style="background-color: #ccffcc"><u>Natural Resources of the Taplejung</u></font></td>
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<td>&#160;</td>
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<div style="text-align: right"><strong>List of Taplejung's Non Timber Forest Products-NTFP</strong><br />
Conservation of Medicinal Herbs<br />
for Sustainable Development<br /></div>
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<td>&#160;</td>
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<td width="21%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #ffcc99">Nepali Name</font></strong></td>
<td width="1%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
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<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Kutkee</font></div>
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<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Scientific Name</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
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<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Picrorhiza scrophularaiiflora Pennel</font></div>
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<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Family</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
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<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Scrophulariaceae</font></div>
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<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Distribution</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
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<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It is an herbaceous plant found in alpine habitat of 3500-4800 m high altitude pasture land and open and steep slope.</font></div>
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<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Use</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
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<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It is known for its root which is used for stomachache, tonic, appetizer, stimulant, epilepsy, leprosy and scabies in homeopathy medication. It is also used as anti-venom for rat and scorpion bites.</font></div>
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<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Protection</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
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<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It can be regenerated through stem (budding) and seeds. Seeds should be collected when it is mature. Whole parts of plant should not be collected. System of rotational collection within an interval of three years needs to be developed for sustainable harvesting.</font></div>
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</tbody>
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<hr />
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<td width="21%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Nepali Name</font></strong></td>
<td width="1%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td width="78%">
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Pakhanved</font></div>
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<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Scientific Name</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
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<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Berginia ciliate Stern</font></div>
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<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Family</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
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<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Saxifragaceae</font></div>
</td>
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<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Distribution</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It is commonly known as Rockfoil. A perennial herb found along the Mahabharat hill ranging from 1600 to 3200 m high marsh and rocky land.</font></div>
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<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Use</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Root serves multifold medicinal drugs in homeopathy. It is used for high fever, pulmonary affections, stomachache, orthopedic injury, diarrhea, and cough and also used as tonic.</font></div>
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<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Protection</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It can be regenerated from both root and seeds. It is better to regenerate from its tuber so some portion of its tuber should be left while harvesting. Only matured plant should be harvested. However, haphazard collection is in practice due to its high demand in market which has threatening its protection.</font></div>
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</tbody>
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<hr />
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<td width="21%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Nepali Name</font></strong></td>
<td width="1%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td width="78%">
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Padamchal</font></div>
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<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Scientific Name</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Rheum emodi Wall</font></div>
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<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Family</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
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<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Polygonaceae</font></div>
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<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Distribution</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It is an herb found in temperate to alpine Himalayas in between 3300 to 4500 m altitude preferably in marshy land.</font></div>
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<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Use</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It serves for swelling, bone fracture/upset, asthma, constipation, diarrhea and anemia in homeopathy medicines.</font></div>
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<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Protection</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">The whole of this plant is used for medicine. It should be collected in the interval of 4-5 years after falling matured seeds in its base. Small portion of its tuber should be left for regeneration while harvesting. It would be better to develop rotational collection system for its sustainable use. Due to its rarity, it is essential to harvest in a sustainable way.</font></div>
</td>
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</tbody>
</table>
<hr />
<table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1">
<tbody>
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<td width="21%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Nepali Name</font></strong></td>
<td width="1%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td width="78%">
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Launth sallo</font></div>
</td>
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<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Scientific Name</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Taxus baccata L.</font></div>
</td>
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<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Family</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Taxodiaceae</font></div>
</td>
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<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Distribution</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It is a tall graceful tree distributed in between 2000 to 3500 m altitude of temperate Himalayas. It is a coniferous evergreen tree.</font></div>
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<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Use</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Its wood serves multifold use. Tincture yielded from its tender foliage is used for headache, diarrhea, epilepsy, neurological, respiratory, giddiness and stomachic disorder in homeopathy medicines. Its tender foliage is also used for taxol extraction which is applicable to cure cancer.</font></div>
</td>
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<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Protection</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It can be regenerated through seed and stem cutting. Only foliage is useful for medicines so it should be collected carefully before cone develop so that other parts of tree e.g. twigs are not broken. Foliage should be collected only from matured tree. Due to high market value and demand, it is going to be endangered.</font></div>
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</tbody>
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<table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1">
<tbody>
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<td width="21%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Nepali Name</font></strong></td>
<td width="1%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td width="78%">
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Panch Aunle</font></div>
</td>
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<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Scientific Name</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Dactylorhiza hatagirea (D. Don.) Soo</font></div>
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<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Family</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Orchidaceae</font></div>
</td>
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<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Distribution</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It is perennial herbs of temperate hill found in between 3000 to 3500 m altitude. Its root is divided into five fingers like parts and closely resembles with palm and finger so it is popularly known as Panchaunle in Nepali.</font></div>
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<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Use</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Its root is edible and used for asthma, anemia, cuts, cough, stimulant and tonic in homeopathy.</font></div>
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<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Protection</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Need to give attention while harvesting since its root is used for medicines. It can be regenerated through seed and tubers. Seeds should be collected after full maturity. Some portion of tuber should be left for its regeneration during collection. Due to collection of whole parts of tuber, it is under threat. Rotational system of collection in a certain interval is to be mandatory for its sustainable use and collection.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<hr />
<table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="21%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Nepali Name</font></strong></td>
<td width="1%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td width="78%">
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Satuwa</font></div>
</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Scientific Name</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Paris polyphylla Sm.</font></div>
</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Family</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Liliaceae</font></div>
</td>
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<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Distribution</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It is a rhizomatous herb found in the mid to upper hills in between 2000 to 3300 m altitude of humus swampy land.</font></div>
</td>
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<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Use</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Due its anthelminitc properties, its rhizome is used for nephrological, respiratory disorder, cough, worms, fever, poison inhalation. If it is used with hot water, it works as tonic.</font></div>
</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Protection</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It can be regenerated through seeds and rhizome. Only matured species should be collected. Some plants should be left at their bed for its regeneration. Rotational collection system is required for its sustainable use and protection. It is in high demand in market. Hence, it can be cultivated in farmlands and can increase income.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<hr />
<table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="21%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Nepali Name</font></strong></td>
<td width="1%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td width="78%">
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Yartsa Gumba</font></div>
</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Scientific Name</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Cordyceps sinensis (berk.) Sacc.</font></div>
</td>
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<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Family</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Hypocreaceae</font></div>
</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Distribution</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It is a strange but true case of a plant emerge from anterior parts of caterpillar, an animal in the form of insects found in the alpine pastureland of the snow covered Himalayas in between 3000 to 6000m altitude. It is a grey colored fungus which is about 4.5 cm tall.</font></div>
</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Use</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Plant form is used as tonic and taken orally with honey and cow milk. Its importance in homeopathy is for heart diseases, brain and stimulant.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Protection</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It can be only be regenerated through seeds. It should be collected annually otherwise it is wastage. It should not be collected before its maturity to ensure its regeneration.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<hr />
<table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="21%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Nepali Name</font></strong></td>
<td width="1%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td width="78%">
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Chiraito</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Scientific Name</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Swertia chirayita (Roxb. Ex. Fleming) Karsten</font></div>
</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Family</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Gentianaceae</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Distribution</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It is an herbaceous plant distributed in the temperate Himalayas, in between 1200 to 3000 m along the humus southern slope.</font></div>
</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Use</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Dried plant yields famous drugs of multi-purpose use such as tonic, stomachache, febrifuge, asthma and laxative. It is equally used for fever coughs, worms. It is also used in liquor industries.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Protection</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Whole parts of the plant are used as medicines. Being a biannual plant, it can be regenerated through seeds. So collection should be done after full mature of its seeds. Rotational collection system in a interval of 4-5 years is suitable for sustainable use.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<hr />
<table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="21%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Nepali Name</font></strong></td>
<td width="1%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td width="78%">
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Atis</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Scientific Name</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Aconitum heterophyllum Wall. Ex. Royale</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Family</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Ranunculaceae</font></div>
</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Distribution</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It is a perennial herb with tuberous roots found in between 3000 to 4500 m grasslands.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Use</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It is highly poisonous due to aconitina. It is known for tonic as aphrodisiac and febrifuge.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Protection</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It can be regenerated through its tubers. So some parts of tuber should be left at its bed for its regeneration.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<hr />
<table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="21%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Nepali Name</font></strong></td>
<td width="1%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td width="78%">
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Amala</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Scientific Name</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Emblica officinalis Gaertn.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Family</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Euphorbiaceae</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Distribution</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It is a small to medium sized (20-25 ft) deciduous tree growing wild or cultivated in warm temperate to tropical area. Fruits are of 1” diameter. Fruit is divided into 6 different folds.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Use</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Its fruit is better known for its high nutritive and medicinal values. It is one of the richest sources of vitamin C. It is used in Chyawanpras, Triphala powder which is used for constipation.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Protection</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It can be regenerated through seeds. Fruits should be collected after maturity. Few of them should be cultivated in nursery and farmland.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<hr />
<table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="21%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Nepali Name</font></strong></td>
<td width="1%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td width="78%">
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Alainchi</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Scientific Name</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Amomum aromaticum Roxb.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Family</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Zingiberaceae</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Distribution</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It is a tuffed leafy plant cultivated under shady mountain forests in temperate region. It is of 2-3 feet tall and its leaf is 1-2 ft long and soft. Color of its petals is light yellow and bloom in a bunch. Fruit is 1 inch long oval in shape with rhizomes. Black colored seeds are layered inside the fruits.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Use</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It is better known for its mature fruits with aromatic seeds lavishly used in confectionary, medicines and perfumes. It is also used for oral diseases, vomiting and appetizer. Powder of its seeds is used with hot water.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Protection</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It can be regenerated through seeds and need to leave ripen fruits while harvesting. Fruits should be collected after maturity. Few of them should be left during collection.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<hr />
<table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="21%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Nepali Name</font></strong></td>
<td width="1%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td width="78%">
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Aduwa</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Scientific Name</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Zingiber officinale Rosc.</font></div>
</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Family</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Zingiberaceae</font></div>
</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Distribution</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It is a leafy herbaceous biennial grown for aromatic products of rhizomatous stocks. Plant is just 2-4 ft tall. Rhizomes are of light yellow color. It is a cultivated plant.</font></div>
</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Use</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Rhizomes are better used for spices vegetables, cold drinks and medicines. Cough, asthma and appetizers are few diseases that cure by its use. Its suspension or powder is used with hot water of honey for good appetite.</font></div>
</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Protection</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It can be regenerated through its tuber. It is sown in farmland.</font></div>
</td>
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</tbody>
</table>
<hr />
<table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="21%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Nepali Name</font></strong></td>
<td width="1%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td width="78%">
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Kaphal</font></div>
</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Scientific Name</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Myrica esculanta Buch-Ham.</font></div>
</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Family</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Myricaceae</font></div>
</td>
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<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Distribution</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">A small to medium sized ever-green tree found in temperate zone. Tree is 15-40 ft tall. Leaf is 3-6 inch long. Oval shape fruits get purple when it reaps.</font></div>
</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Use</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Fruit is edible and bark used as tan and source of yellow dye. Bark is used for various diseases e.g. headache, cough and cuts. It is also used for fish poisoning.</font></div>
</td>
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<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Protection</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It is a wild plant which can be preserved through awareness building for its wise use.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<hr />
<table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="21%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Nepali Name</font></strong></td>
<td width="1%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td width="78%">
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Kurilo</font></div>
</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Scientific Name</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Asparagus recemosus wild.</font></div>
</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Family</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Liliaceae</font></div>
</td>
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<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Distribution</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It is a spiny perennial herb cultivated for tender spring shoots or spears to make fresh or preserved vegetables of medicinal value. It blooms white flower small bunch with full of aroma. Fruits resemble peas with red color after full maturity. Rhizomes are of 2-6 inch long, grayish white with pointed tips.</font></div>
</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Use</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It is better known for its rhizomes and used for different diseases. Rhizome powder is used as tonic. Fresh tender shoots is known for protein deficiency.</font></div>
</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Protection</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It can be regenerated through rhizome during monsoon. Few shoots should leave for its propagation.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<hr />
<table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="21%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Nepali Name</font></strong></td>
<td width="1%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td width="78%">
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Chari amilo</font></div>
</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Scientific Name</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Oxalis latifolia Humb.</font></div>
</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Family</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Oxalidaceae</font></div>
</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Distribution</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It is low growing soft herb which grows like weed from terai to mid hills. Tender foliage tastes sour. It is tri-folium and blooms yellow color from centre of foliage. Few species are of white, red and purple color flower. Fruits are rhizomatous bean shaped.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Use</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Whole plant is used as pot herb for appetizing.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Protection</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Being weed like herb, it is found every where and harvested as and when required. Market demand is not so high.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<hr />
<table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="21%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Nepali Name</font></strong></td>
<td width="1%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td width="78%">
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Chutro</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Scientific Name</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Berberis aristata DC.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Family</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Berberidaceae</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Distribution</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It is a spiny shrub of height 6-18 ft found in lower Himalayas known for oval edible fruits. Leaves are 1-3 inch long, thick with thorn. Flowers are yellow colored and booms in a bunch. Roots and stem yield yellow dye.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Use</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Extract of root bark is used for jaundice, typhoid etc. Suspension and powder is used for trachoma.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Protection</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It is wild and grows from its seeds. Demand is not so high.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<hr />
<table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="21%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Nepali Name</font></strong></td>
<td width="1%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td width="78%">
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Chhativan</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Scientific Name</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Alstonia scholaris (L.) R.Br.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Family</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Apocynaceae</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Distribution</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It is a medium to large evergreen tre having 40-50 ft height with thick bark. Found in lower hills to upper terai. It contains palmately whorled leaf of 5-10.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Use</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Bark is powerful astringent and yield tonic which is of great medicinal value. It produces milky juicy which also has medicinal properties and is used for typhoid and maternity fever. Both suspension and powder is used.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Protection</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It is wild and grows with its own in forest. Sustainable harvesting would be sufficient for its protection.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<hr />
<table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="21%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Nepali Name</font></strong></td>
<td width="1%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td width="78%">
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Jatamasi</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Scientific Name</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Nardostachys jatamansi DC.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Family</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Valeriannaceae</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Distribution</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">A rhizomatous herb found in cold temperate to alpine Himalayas. Root is aromatic. Flowers are purple or pink colored.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Use</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It is better known for its rhizomes and use for epilepsy, hysteria, heart palpitation.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Protection</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It can be regenerated through rhizome.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<hr />
<table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="21%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Nepali Name</font></strong></td>
<td width="1%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td width="78%">
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Timur</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Scientific Name</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Xanthoxylum armatum DC.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Family</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Rutaceae</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Distribution</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">A spiny shrub or small tree of 15-20 ft high found in temperate Himalayas. Fruit emits aroma during autumn. Seed is black inside fruit.</font></div>
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<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Use</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It serves as a popular source of spice and condiment. Foliage and fruits are used as insecticide and wormicide. Used for dentistry and bad mouth smell. Leaf is also used as tea.</font></div>
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<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Protection</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It is grown in wild and also privately planted.</font></div>
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<td width="21%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Nepali Name</font></strong></td>
<td width="1%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td width="78%">
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Titepati</font></div>
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<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Scientific Name</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Artemisia vulgaris.</font></div>
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<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Family</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Compositae</font></div>
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<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Distribution</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">An aromatic shrub of height 3-6 ft. found in mid-hills.</font></div>
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<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Use</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It is better known for skin diseases, insecticidal, wormicidal and fertilizer. Leaf tea is useful for dewormig</font></div>
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<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Protection</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It is found every where. Need to harvest annually.</font></div>
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<td width="21%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Nepali Name</font></strong></td>
<]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div>
<table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2">
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<td class="txt_head">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font size="5" color="#008000" face="terminal,monaco" style="background-color: #ccffcc"><u>Natural Resources of the Taplejung</u></font></td>
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<td>&#160;</td>
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<div style="text-align: right"><strong>List of Taplejung&#8217;s Non Timber Forest Products-NTFP</strong><br />
Conservation of Medicinal Herbs<br />
for Sustainable Development</div>
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<td>&#160;</td>
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<td height="175" valign="top">
<div style="text-align: justify">
<table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1">
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<td width="21%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #ffcc99">Nepali Name</font></strong></td>
<td width="1%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td width="78%">
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Kutkee</font></div>
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<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Scientific Name</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Picrorhiza scrophularaiiflora Pennel</font></div>
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<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Family</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Scrophulariaceae</font></div>
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<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Distribution</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It is an herbaceous plant found in alpine habitat of 3500-4800 m high altitude pasture land and open and steep slope.</font></div>
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<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Use</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It is known for its root which is used for stomachache, tonic, appetizer, stimulant, epilepsy, leprosy and scabies in homeopathy medication. It is also used as anti-venom for rat and scorpion bites.</font></div>
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<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Protection</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It can be regenerated through stem (budding) and seeds. Seeds should be collected when it is mature. Whole parts of plant should not be collected. System of rotational collection within an interval of three years needs to be developed for sustainable harvesting.</font></div>
</td>
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</tbody>
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<hr />
<table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1">
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<td width="21%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Nepali Name</font></strong></td>
<td width="1%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td width="78%">
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Pakhanved</font></div>
</td>
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<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Scientific Name</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Berginia ciliate Stern</font></div>
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<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Family</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Saxifragaceae</font></div>
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<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Distribution</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It is commonly known as Rockfoil. A perennial herb found along the Mahabharat hill ranging from 1600 to 3200 m high marsh and rocky land.</font></div>
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<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Use</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Root serves multifold medicinal drugs in homeopathy. It is used for high fever, pulmonary affections, stomachache, orthopedic injury, diarrhea, and cough and also used as tonic.</font></div>
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<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Protection</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It can be regenerated from both root and seeds. It is better to regenerate from its tuber so some portion of its tuber should be left while harvesting. Only matured plant should be harvested. However, haphazard collection is in practice due to its high demand in market which has threatening its protection.</font></div>
</td>
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</tbody>
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<hr />
<table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1">
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<td width="21%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Nepali Name</font></strong></td>
<td width="1%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td width="78%">
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Padamchal</font></div>
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<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Scientific Name</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Rheum emodi Wall</font></div>
</td>
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<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Family</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Polygonaceae</font></div>
</td>
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<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Distribution</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It is an herb found in temperate to alpine Himalayas in between 3300 to 4500 m altitude preferably in marshy land.</font></div>
</td>
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<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Use</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It serves for swelling, bone fracture/upset, asthma, constipation, diarrhea and anemia in homeopathy medicines.</font></div>
</td>
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<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Protection</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">The whole of this plant is used for medicine. It should be collected in the interval of 4-5 years after falling matured seeds in its base. Small portion of its tuber should be left for regeneration while harvesting. It would be better to develop rotational collection system for its sustainable use. Due to its rarity, it is essential to harvest in a sustainable way.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<hr />
<table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1">
<tbody>
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<td width="21%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Nepali Name</font></strong></td>
<td width="1%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td width="78%">
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Launth sallo</font></div>
</td>
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<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Scientific Name</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Taxus baccata L.</font></div>
</td>
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<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Family</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Taxodiaceae</font></div>
</td>
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<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Distribution</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It is a tall graceful tree distributed in between 2000 to 3500 m altitude of temperate Himalayas. It is a coniferous evergreen tree.</font></div>
</td>
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<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Use</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Its wood serves multifold use. Tincture yielded from its tender foliage is used for headache, diarrhea, epilepsy, neurological, respiratory, giddiness and stomachic disorder in homeopathy medicines. Its tender foliage is also used for taxol extraction which is applicable to cure cancer.</font></div>
</td>
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<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Protection</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It can be regenerated through seed and stem cutting. Only foliage is useful for medicines so it should be collected carefully before cone develop so that other parts of tree e.g. twigs are not broken. Foliage should be collected only from matured tree. Due to high market value and demand, it is going to be endangered.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<hr />
<table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1">
<tbody>
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<td width="21%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Nepali Name</font></strong></td>
<td width="1%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td width="78%">
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Panch Aunle</font></div>
</td>
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<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Scientific Name</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Dactylorhiza hatagirea (D. Don.) Soo</font></div>
</td>
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<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Family</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Orchidaceae</font></div>
</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Distribution</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It is perennial herbs of temperate hill found in between 3000 to 3500 m altitude. Its root is divided into five fingers like parts and closely resembles with palm and finger so it is popularly known as Panchaunle in Nepali.</font></div>
</td>
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<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Use</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Its root is edible and used for asthma, anemia, cuts, cough, stimulant and tonic in homeopathy.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
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<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Protection</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Need to give attention while harvesting since its root is used for medicines. It can be regenerated through seed and tubers. Seeds should be collected after full maturity. Some portion of tuber should be left for its regeneration during collection. Due to collection of whole parts of tuber, it is under threat. Rotational system of collection in a certain interval is to be mandatory for its sustainable use and collection.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<hr />
<table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="21%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Nepali Name</font></strong></td>
<td width="1%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td width="78%">
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Satuwa</font></div>
</td>
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<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Scientific Name</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Paris polyphylla Sm.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Family</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Liliaceae</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Distribution</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It is a rhizomatous herb found in the mid to upper hills in between 2000 to 3300 m altitude of humus swampy land.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Use</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Due its anthelminitc properties, its rhizome is used for nephrological, respiratory disorder, cough, worms, fever, poison inhalation. If it is used with hot water, it works as tonic.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Protection</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It can be regenerated through seeds and rhizome. Only matured species should be collected. Some plants should be left at their bed for its regeneration. Rotational collection system is required for its sustainable use and protection. It is in high demand in market. Hence, it can be cultivated in farmlands and can increase income.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<hr />
<table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="21%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Nepali Name</font></strong></td>
<td width="1%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td width="78%">
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Yartsa Gumba</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Scientific Name</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Cordyceps sinensis (berk.) Sacc.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Family</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Hypocreaceae</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Distribution</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It is a strange but true case of a plant emerge from anterior parts of caterpillar, an animal in the form of insects found in the alpine pastureland of the snow covered Himalayas in between 3000 to 6000m altitude. It is a grey colored fungus which is about 4.5 cm tall.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Use</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Plant form is used as tonic and taken orally with honey and cow milk. Its importance in homeopathy is for heart diseases, brain and stimulant.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Protection</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It can be only be regenerated through seeds. It should be collected annually otherwise it is wastage. It should not be collected before its maturity to ensure its regeneration.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<hr />
<table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="21%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Nepali Name</font></strong></td>
<td width="1%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td width="78%">
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Chiraito</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Scientific Name</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Swertia chirayita (Roxb. Ex. Fleming) Karsten</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Family</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Gentianaceae</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Distribution</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It is an herbaceous plant distributed in the temperate Himalayas, in between 1200 to 3000 m along the humus southern slope.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Use</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Dried plant yields famous drugs of multi-purpose use such as tonic, stomachache, febrifuge, asthma and laxative. It is equally used for fever coughs, worms. It is also used in liquor industries.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Protection</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Whole parts of the plant are used as medicines. Being a biannual plant, it can be regenerated through seeds. So collection should be done after full mature of its seeds. Rotational collection system in a interval of 4-5 years is suitable for sustainable use.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<hr />
<table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="21%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Nepali Name</font></strong></td>
<td width="1%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td width="78%">
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Atis</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Scientific Name</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Aconitum heterophyllum Wall. Ex. Royale</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Family</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Ranunculaceae</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Distribution</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It is a perennial herb with tuberous roots found in between 3000 to 4500 m grasslands.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Use</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It is highly poisonous due to aconitina. It is known for tonic as aphrodisiac and febrifuge.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Protection</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It can be regenerated through its tubers. So some parts of tuber should be left at its bed for its regeneration.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<hr />
<table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="21%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Nepali Name</font></strong></td>
<td width="1%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td width="78%">
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Amala</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Scientific Name</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Emblica officinalis Gaertn.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Family</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Euphorbiaceae</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Distribution</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It is a small to medium sized (20-25 ft) deciduous tree growing wild or cultivated in warm temperate to tropical area. Fruits are of 1” diameter. Fruit is divided into 6 different folds.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Use</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Its fruit is better known for its high nutritive and medicinal values. It is one of the richest sources of vitamin C. It is used in Chyawanpras, Triphala powder which is used for constipation.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Protection</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It can be regenerated through seeds. Fruits should be collected after maturity. Few of them should be cultivated in nursery and farmland.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<hr />
<table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="21%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Nepali Name</font></strong></td>
<td width="1%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td width="78%">
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Alainchi</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Scientific Name</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Amomum aromaticum Roxb.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Family</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Zingiberaceae</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Distribution</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It is a tuffed leafy plant cultivated under shady mountain forests in temperate region. It is of 2-3 feet tall and its leaf is 1-2 ft long and soft. Color of its petals is light yellow and bloom in a bunch. Fruit is 1 inch long oval in shape with rhizomes. Black colored seeds are layered inside the fruits.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Use</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It is better known for its mature fruits with aromatic seeds lavishly used in confectionary, medicines and perfumes. It is also used for oral diseases, vomiting and appetizer. Powder of its seeds is used with hot water.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Protection</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It can be regenerated through seeds and need to leave ripen fruits while harvesting. Fruits should be collected after maturity. Few of them should be left during collection.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<hr />
<table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="21%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Nepali Name</font></strong></td>
<td width="1%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td width="78%">
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Aduwa</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Scientific Name</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Zingiber officinale Rosc.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Family</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Zingiberaceae</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Distribution</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It is a leafy herbaceous biennial grown for aromatic products of rhizomatous stocks. Plant is just 2-4 ft tall. Rhizomes are of light yellow color. It is a cultivated plant.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Use</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Rhizomes are better used for spices vegetables, cold drinks and medicines. Cough, asthma and appetizers are few diseases that cure by its use. Its suspension or powder is used with hot water of honey for good appetite.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Protection</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It can be regenerated through its tuber. It is sown in farmland.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<hr />
<table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="21%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Nepali Name</font></strong></td>
<td width="1%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td width="78%">
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Kaphal</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Scientific Name</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Myrica esculanta Buch-Ham.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Family</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Myricaceae</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Distribution</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">A small to medium sized ever-green tree found in temperate zone. Tree is 15-40 ft tall. Leaf is 3-6 inch long. Oval shape fruits get purple when it reaps.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Use</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Fruit is edible and bark used as tan and source of yellow dye. Bark is used for various diseases e.g. headache, cough and cuts. It is also used for fish poisoning.</font></div>
</td>
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<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Protection</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It is a wild plant which can be preserved through awareness building for its wise use.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<hr />
<table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1">
<tbody>
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<td width="21%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Nepali Name</font></strong></td>
<td width="1%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td width="78%">
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Kurilo</font></div>
</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Scientific Name</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Asparagus recemosus wild.</font></div>
</td>
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<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Family</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Liliaceae</font></div>
</td>
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<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Distribution</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It is a spiny perennial herb cultivated for tender spring shoots or spears to make fresh or preserved vegetables of medicinal value. It blooms white flower small bunch with full of aroma. Fruits resemble peas with red color after full maturity. Rhizomes are of 2-6 inch long, grayish white with pointed tips.</font></div>
</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Use</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It is better known for its rhizomes and used for different diseases. Rhizome powder is used as tonic. Fresh tender shoots is known for protein deficiency.</font></div>
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<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Protection</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It can be regenerated through rhizome during monsoon. Few shoots should leave for its propagation.</font></div>
</td>
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</tbody>
</table>
<hr />
<table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="21%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Nepali Name</font></strong></td>
<td width="1%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td width="78%">
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Chari amilo</font></div>
</td>
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<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Scientific Name</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Oxalis latifolia Humb.</font></div>
</td>
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<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Family</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Oxalidaceae</font></div>
</td>
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<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Distribution</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It is low growing soft herb which grows like weed from terai to mid hills. Tender foliage tastes sour. It is tri-folium and blooms yellow color from centre of foliage. Few species are of white, red and purple color flower. Fruits are rhizomatous bean shaped.</font></div>
</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Use</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Whole plant is used as pot herb for appetizing.</font></div>
</td>
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<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Protection</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Being weed like herb, it is found every where and harvested as and when required. Market demand is not so high.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<hr />
<table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="21%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Nepali Name</font></strong></td>
<td width="1%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td width="78%">
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Chutro</font></div>
</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Scientific Name</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Berberis aristata DC.</font></div>
</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Family</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Berberidaceae</font></div>
</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Distribution</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It is a spiny shrub of height 6-18 ft found in lower Himalayas known for oval edible fruits. Leaves are 1-3 inch long, thick with thorn. Flowers are yellow colored and booms in a bunch. Roots and stem yield yellow dye.</font></div>
</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Use</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Extract of root bark is used for jaundice, typhoid etc. Suspension and powder is used for trachoma.</font></div>
</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Protection</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It is wild and grows from its seeds. Demand is not so high.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<hr />
<table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="21%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Nepali Name</font></strong></td>
<td width="1%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td width="78%">
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Chhativan</font></div>
</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Scientific Name</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Alstonia scholaris (L.) R.Br.</font></div>
</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Family</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Apocynaceae</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Distribution</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It is a medium to large evergreen tre having 40-50 ft height with thick bark. Found in lower hills to upper terai. It contains palmately whorled leaf of 5-10.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Use</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Bark is powerful astringent and yield tonic which is of great medicinal value. It produces milky juicy which also has medicinal properties and is used for typhoid and maternity fever. Both suspension and powder is used.</font></div>
</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Protection</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It is wild and grows with its own in forest. Sustainable harvesting would be sufficient for its protection.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<hr />
<table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="21%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Nepali Name</font></strong></td>
<td width="1%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td width="78%">
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Jatamasi</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Scientific Name</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Nardostachys jatamansi DC.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Family</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Valeriannaceae</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Distribution</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">A rhizomatous herb found in cold temperate to alpine Himalayas. Root is aromatic. Flowers are purple or pink colored.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Use</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It is better known for its rhizomes and use for epilepsy, hysteria, heart palpitation.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Protection</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It can be regenerated through rhizome.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<hr />
<table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="21%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Nepali Name</font></strong></td>
<td width="1%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td width="78%">
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Timur</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Scientific Name</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Xanthoxylum armatum DC.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Family</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Rutaceae</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Distribution</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">A spiny shrub or small tree of 15-20 ft high found in temperate Himalayas. Fruit emits aroma during autumn. Seed is black inside fruit.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Use</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It serves as a popular source of spice and condiment. Foliage and fruits are used as insecticide and wormicide. Used for dentistry and bad mouth smell. Leaf is also used as tea.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Protection</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It is grown in wild and also privately planted.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<hr />
<table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="21%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Nepali Name</font></strong></td>
<td width="1%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td width="78%">
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Titepati</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Scientific Name</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Artemisia vulgaris.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Family</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Compositae</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Distribution</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">An aromatic shrub of height 3-6 ft. found in mid-hills.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Use</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It is better known for skin diseases, insecticidal, wormicidal and fertilizer. Leaf tea is useful for dewormig</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Protection</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It is found every where. Need to harvest annually.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<hr />
<table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="21%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Nepali Name</font></strong></td>
<td width="1%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td width="78%">
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Dhaturo</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Scientific Name</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Datura stramonium L.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Family</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Solanaceae</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Distribution</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">A herbaceous annual plant. It is grown for its flower, leaves and seeds. It contains narcotic and poisonous effect due to an alkaloid ‘Daturini’. It has a lot of twigs of height 3-5 ft.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Use</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It is better known for its seeds and use for asthma, stimulant, anti-inflammatory, de-lice, respiratory diseases, child if urines in bed.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Protection</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It can be regenerated through seeds. It is illegal to commercially grow.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<hr />
<table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="21%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Nepali Name</font></strong></td>
<td width="1%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td width="78%">
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Barro</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Scientific Name</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Terminalia bellirica Roxb.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Family</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Combretaceae</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Distribution</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It is a large deciduous tree 60-70 ft tall growing wild in warm hill and terai forests. Bark is dark grey. Leaves are of 3-5 inch long, oval dark green and light green front and back side respectively. Flowers bloom in tips. Fruits are less than 1 inch diameter, round shaped with thick rhizomes. Seed is in inside the fruits.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Use</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Fruits are used in dying, tanning, and increasing potency of spirits. Kernel oil is used in soap making. Fruit and its pulp serve for dropsy, diarrhea and leprosy. Half ripe fruit is used as purgative. Fruits are also said to have antibiotic activities against harmful micro-organism. Wood pulp is used for paper making.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Protection</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It can be regenerated through its seed. It is not rear and endangered species despite its increasing market value.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<hr />
<table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="21%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Nepali Name</font></strong></td>
<td width="1%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td width="78%">
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Bojho</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Scientific Name</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Acorous calamus</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Family</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Araceae</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Distribution</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It is an aromatic perennial herb with long cylindrical leaf and rhizomatous root stock found in swampy land or lakes throughout tropics.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Use</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Leaves and root stock is used for perfume, insecticides, flavoring liquors, snuffs. Rhizome is emetic, stomachic, nerve tonic and insectifuse in snake bite. It is also in common use for vocal.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Protection</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It can be regenerated through rhizome and its tuber. Need to leave small portion of tuber while harvesting. Better to harvest in rotational basis.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<hr />
<table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="21%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Nepali Name</font></strong></td>
<td width="1%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td width="78%">
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Majitho</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Scientific Name</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Rubia manjith Roxg.ex. Fleming.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Family</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Rubiaceae</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Distribution</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It is a climbing spiny herb found in temperate hills. Leaves are heart shaped pointed tips. Flower is yellowish. Small round shaped fruits become black colored when it gets matured.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Use</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Source of dye and used for wool and cotton dying. Root is used as tonics; alterative, and astringent, stem is sued as antidote in cobra and scorpion bite. Roots and fruits are used in paralyses, ulcers and skin diseases.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Protection</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It can be regenerated through rhizome. Few shoots should leave for its propagation.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<hr />
<table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="21%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Nepali Name</font></strong></td>
<td width="1%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td width="78%">
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Simalko phool</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Scientific Name</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Salmalia malabarica Schott &amp; Endl.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Family</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Bombacaceae</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Distribution</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It is a giant sized deciduous tree having buttressed trunk of 20 m diameter with 125 ft tall. Horizontal branches, crimson red showy flowers and digitate leaves found throughout warm hills to sub-tropical terai.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Use</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Flower is used for urinary track infection and over bleeding. Suspension is taken with cold water like squash.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Protection</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It is wild and need to protect from illegal cutting as its trunk is used for plywood making and match-box and sticks.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<hr />
<table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="21%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Nepali Name</font></strong></td>
<td width="1%"><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td width="78%">
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Sisnu</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Scientific Name</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Urtica diocia L.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Family</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Urticaceae</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Distribution</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It is a perennial lush growing herb. It has stringent hairs growing like weeds in warm hills. Oval shaped leaves with pointed tips spiny hairs.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Use</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It is better known for its tender leaves and roots. Leaf is used for vegetables. Root is useful for anemia and urine infection.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">Protection</font></strong></td>
<td><strong><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">:</font></strong></td>
<td>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#0000FF" face="courier new,courier" style="background-color: #99ccff">It is wild and need not cultivate or grow due to its high abundances.</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div></div>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://rammukarung.blog.com/2008/03/29/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title></title>
		<link>http://rammukarung.blog.com/2008/03/29/</link>
		<comments>http://rammukarung.blog.com/2008/03/29/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 29 Mar 2008 21:05:34 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Ram mukarung</dc:creator>
		
		<guid isPermaLink="false"></guid>
		<description><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: justify"><span class="txt_head1"><a name="raf" id="raf"></a>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <strong><u><font size="6" color="#008000" face="georgia,palatino" style="background-color: #ffff00">Rafting</font></u></strong></span><br />
<br />
<font size="4" face="comic sans ms,sand">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; The region also abounds in waterfalls, lakes and Himalayan streams. The Tamor River flowing through the region offers possibilities for white-water rafting.</font></p>
<p style="text-align: justify"><span class="txt_head1"><a name="anc" id="anc"></a><font size="4" face="comic sans ms,sand">Ancient Gompas</font></span><br />
<br />
<font size="4" face="comic sans ms,sand">The rich cultural heritage of Taplejung is reflected in the Buddhist gompas (monasteries) such as the 400-year old Diki Chhyoling Gompa of Olangchungola which has a life size statue of Avalokiteshwara. A butter lamp at the altar has been burning here uninterrupted since the construction of the gompa. The waters of a small stream outside the gompa continuously spin twelve prayer wheels with the prayer "Om Mane Padme Hum" inscribed on them.<br /></font><br />
<span class="txt_head1"><a name="fur" id="fur"></a>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <u><font size="6" color="#008000" style="background-color: #ffff99">Further Afield</font></u></span><br />
<br />
<font size="5" face="comic sans ms,sand">It is possible to trek north to Pangpema for spectacular views as mountains close in from both sides of the valley. Pangpema is where expedition support teams spend months as lead climbers make camps far above. You can take day hikes onto the glacier and to higher ground for even better vantages of Kanchenjunga. Pangpema (close to 5,000 m) near base camp for Kanchenjunga's northern face, sits on a glacier within 10 km of the Tibet border surrounded by peaks up¬ward of 6,500 m.</font></p>
<p style="text-align: justify"><font size="5" face="comic sans ms,sand">Starting down the Simbua Khola (stream), a trail diverts south through Yamphudin. From here you can then head either west to Taplejung and on toward Jaljala Himal and Milke Danda, or south to enter the subtropical Kabeli Khola valley, and on to Phidim or Ilam.</font></p>

]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div>
<p style="text-align: justify"><span class="txt_head1"><a name="raf" id="raf"></a>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <strong><u><font size="6" color="#008000" face="georgia,palatino" style="background-color: #ffff00">Rafting</font></u></strong></span></p>
<p><font size="4" face="comic sans ms,sand">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; The region also abounds in waterfalls, lakes and Himalayan streams. The Tamor River flowing through the region offers possibilities for white-water rafting.</font></p>
<p style="text-align: justify"><span class="txt_head1"><a name="anc" id="anc"></a><font size="4" face="comic sans ms,sand">Ancient Gompas</font></span></p>
<p><font size="4" face="comic sans ms,sand">The rich cultural heritage of Taplejung is reflected in the Buddhist gompas (monasteries) such as the 400-year old Diki Chhyoling Gompa of Olangchungola which has a life size statue of Avalokiteshwara. A butter lamp at the altar has been burning here uninterrupted since the construction of the gompa. The waters of a small stream outside the gompa continuously spin twelve prayer wheels with the prayer &#8220;Om Mane Padme Hum&#8221; inscribed on them.<br /></font><br />
<span class="txt_head1"><a name="fur" id="fur"></a>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <u><font size="6" color="#008000" style="background-color: #ffff99">Further Afield</font></u></span></p>
<p><font size="5" face="comic sans ms,sand">It is possible to trek north to Pangpema for spectacular views as mountains close in from both sides of the valley. Pangpema is where expedition support teams spend months as lead climbers make camps far above. You can take day hikes onto the glacier and to higher ground for even better vantages of Kanchenjunga. Pangpema (close to 5,000 m) near base camp for Kanchenjunga&#8217;s northern face, sits on a glacier within 10 km of the Tibet border surrounded by peaks up¬ward of 6,500 m.</font></p>
<p style="text-align: justify"><font size="5" face="comic sans ms,sand">Starting down the Simbua Khola (stream), a trail diverts south through Yamphudin. From here you can then head either west to Taplejung and on toward Jaljala Himal and Milke Danda, or south to enter the subtropical Kabeli Khola valley, and on to Phidim or Ilam.</font></p>
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		<link>http://rammukarung.blog.com/2008/03/29/</link>
		<comments>http://rammukarung.blog.com/2008/03/29/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 29 Mar 2008 21:01:11 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Ram mukarung</dc:creator>
		
		<guid isPermaLink="false"></guid>
		<description><![CDATA[<span class="txt_head1"><a name="kan" id="kan"></a>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <u><font size="6" color="#008000" face="georgia,palatino">Kanchenjunga of the Taplejung</font></u></span>
<p style="text-align: justify">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font size="4" color="#33CCCC" face="comic sans ms,sand">The name is derived from the Tibetan words, 'Kanchen' and 'Dzonga' meaning 'Five Treasures of the Great Snow'. While the highest summit is 28,156 feet, the Second highest peak is 27,820 feet, thus falling short of the former by 336 feet only. Four colossal ridges of inconceivable dimensions of rocks, ice, and snow abut upon this massif, which culminates in a peak 28,156 feet high. These ridges are named according to their repective directions with reference to the great centrepiece to which they are attached.</font></p>
<p style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#33CCCC" face="comic sans ms,sand"><img vspace="10" align="right" width="300" src="http://editor.blog.com/posts/new/images/kanchen_himal.jpg" hspace="10" height="195" />There is absolutely no direct route to any of these summits, which are accessible, if at all, by first ascending any of these ridges, and then, say, reaching some ice terraces suitable for camping, and lastly attempting the summit. The final climbing to the rock pyramid may ascent of a vertical height ranging from 1,000 to 1,500 feet is extremely trying, as at that tremendous altitude every step upward is devitalizing to an incredible extent.</font></p>
<p style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#33CCCC" face="comic sans ms,sand">With more than 250 species of birds and wildlife, and high mountain lakes in Olangchungola, the Kanchenjunga area has some of the most stunning scenery. The indomitable bamboo appears in many varieties, of¬ten the last lanky vegetation to give way to alpine grasses and scrub rhododen¬dron. Above the crystalline lake of Ramser, a trail skirts the massive Yalung Glacier up to Oktang for prime views of Jannu, the southern face of Kanchenjunga and the line of peaks that divide Nepal from Sikkim. Yalung Glacier is believed to be the longest blue glacier in the world.</font></p>
<p style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#33CCCC" face="comic sans ms,sand">The Kanchenjunga region has been selected as one of the 200 Global Eco Regions recognized by World Wildlife Fund (WWF) and is protected by the government as the Kanchenjunga Conservation Area (KCA). Ten species among Nepal's 20 indigenous gymnosperms and 15 among Nepal’s 28 endemic flowering plants are found here. Juniper and Himalayan larch are abundant in the forests with more than 1,200 species of flowering plants. The Kanchenjunga region also boasts of 30 varieties of rhododendrons and 69 varieties of orchids. Birds found here include Impheyan pheasant, red-billed blue magpie and shy drongo, while rare wildlife include Himalayan black bear, snow leopard, musk deer, red panda, blue sheep and rhesus macaw.</font></p>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#33CCCC" face="comic sans ms,sand">Trek to the region also appeases natural history interest, with ecological zones from the subtropics to glacial wilderness. The hills are densely forested with rhododendron, oak, and pine; and wooden houses and frequent waterfalls confirm a copious monsoon. At Ghunsa, a Sherpa village marked with prayer flags and a gompa, two trails from Kanchenjunga's southern flanks join the northbound route. Like treks into other far-reaching areas, the Kanchenjunga trek encounters a vast range of elevations and temperatures, and is best planned for September-November or March-May, with the possibility of snowfall at any time of year.</font></div>

]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div><span class="txt_head1"><a name="kan" id="kan"></a>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <u><font size="6" color="#008000" face="georgia,palatino">Kanchenjunga of the Taplejung</font></u></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font size="4" color="#33CCCC" face="comic sans ms,sand">The name is derived from the Tibetan words, &#8216;Kanchen&#8217; and &#8216;Dzonga&#8217; meaning &#8216;Five Treasures of the Great Snow&#8217;. While the highest summit is 28,156 feet, the Second highest peak is 27,820 feet, thus falling short of the former by 336 feet only. Four colossal ridges of inconceivable dimensions of rocks, ice, and snow abut upon this massif, which culminates in a peak 28,156 feet high. These ridges are named according to their repective directions with reference to the great centrepiece to which they are attached.</font></p>
<p style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#33CCCC" face="comic sans ms,sand"><img vspace="10" align="right" width="300" src="http://editor.blog.com/posts/new/images/kanchen_himal.jpg" hspace="10" height="195" />There is absolutely no direct route to any of these summits, which are accessible, if at all, by first ascending any of these ridges, and then, say, reaching some ice terraces suitable for camping, and lastly attempting the summit. The final climbing to the rock pyramid may ascent of a vertical height ranging from 1,000 to 1,500 feet is extremely trying, as at that tremendous altitude every step upward is devitalizing to an incredible extent.</font></p>
<p style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#33CCCC" face="comic sans ms,sand">With more than 250 species of birds and wildlife, and high mountain lakes in Olangchungola, the Kanchenjunga area has some of the most stunning scenery. The indomitable bamboo appears in many varieties, of¬ten the last lanky vegetation to give way to alpine grasses and scrub rhododen¬dron. Above the crystalline lake of Ramser, a trail skirts the massive Yalung Glacier up to Oktang for prime views of Jannu, the southern face of Kanchenjunga and the line of peaks that divide Nepal from Sikkim. Yalung Glacier is believed to be the longest blue glacier in the world.</font></p>
<p style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#33CCCC" face="comic sans ms,sand">The Kanchenjunga region has been selected as one of the 200 Global Eco Regions recognized by World Wildlife Fund (WWF) and is protected by the government as the Kanchenjunga Conservation Area (KCA). Ten species among Nepal&#8217;s 20 indigenous gymnosperms and 15 among Nepal’s 28 endemic flowering plants are found here. Juniper and Himalayan larch are abundant in the forests with more than 1,200 species of flowering plants. The Kanchenjunga region also boasts of 30 varieties of rhododendrons and 69 varieties of orchids. Birds found here include Impheyan pheasant, red-billed blue magpie and shy drongo, while rare wildlife include Himalayan black bear, snow leopard, musk deer, red panda, blue sheep and rhesus macaw.</font></p>
<div style="text-align: justify"><font size="4" color="#33CCCC" face="comic sans ms,sand">Trek to the region also appeases natural history interest, with ecological zones from the subtropics to glacial wilderness. The hills are densely forested with rhododendron, oak, and pine; and wooden houses and frequent waterfalls confirm a copious monsoon. At Ghunsa, a Sherpa village marked with prayer flags and a gompa, two trails from Kanchenjunga&#8217;s southern flanks join the northbound route. Like treks into other far-reaching areas, the Kanchenjunga trek encounters a vast range of elevations and temperatures, and is best planned for September-November or March-May, with the possibility of snowfall at any time of year.</font></div>
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